CVE-2026-45785 — OpenMcdf: Uncatchable infinite loop in OpenMcdf —...

### Summary The BST name-lookup loop in `DirectoryTree.TryGetDirectoryEntry` (`OpenMcdf/DirectoryTree.cs:35-46`) walks directory entries by repeatedly calling `directories.TryGetSibling(child, siblingType, validateColor)`. A crafted CFB file with cyclic Left/Right sibling links among directory entries - constructed so the per-step BST-order check in `TryGetSibling` (`DirectoryEntries.cs:84-85`) is satisfied at every step - drives this `while (child is not null)` loop forever. There is no cycle detection in `TryGetDirectoryEntry`. ### Details The recent Brent's-algorithm commit ([`24f445a`](https://github.com/openmcdf/openmcdf/commit/24f445a557fc4f46461cf6d02d296cce16c293a0)) protects `DirectoryTreeEnumerator` and works correctly for both attached repros - pure `EnumerateEntries()` throws `FileFormatException: Directory tree contains a loop` cleanly. The unprotected code path is the lookup-by-name loop, which is reached from multiple public APIs: - `RootStorage.OpenStorage(name)` / `TryOpenStorage(name)` - `RootStorage.OpenStream(name)` / `TryOpenStream(name)` The second one matters most: typical consumers iterate `EnumerateEntries()` and call `OpenStream(entry.Name)` per Stream entry. With Brent's algorithm catching the enumeration cycle but not the per-entry lookup, callers can still hang as soon as they touch a streamed entry. ### PoC Two minimal repros attached, demonstrating the same lookup-loop bug reached via two different public APIs: - `repro_lookup.cfb` (5,632 bytes) - hangs on direct `OpenStorage(name)` for a name not present in the directory - `repro_enumerate.cfb` (7,936 bytes) - hangs on `OpenStream(entry.Name)` called for an entry returned by `EnumerateEntries()` (the common consumer pattern) ### Repro 1 - `OpenStorage(name)` ```csharp using OpenMcdf; using var fs = File.OpenRead("repro_lookup.cfb"); using var root = RootStorage.Open(fs); root.TryOpenStorage("__substg1.0_3001001F", out _); // process spins at 100% CPU; Ctrl+C required. ``` ### Repro 2 - `OpenStream` from inside an enumeration loop ```csharp using OpenMcdf; using var fs = File.OpenRead("repro_enumerate.cfb"); using var root = RootStorage.Open(fs); foreach (var entry in root.EnumerateEntries()) // safe: Brent's catches enumeration cycles { if (entry.Type == EntryType.Stream) _ = root.OpenStream(entry.Name); // hangs: lookup path has no cycle detection } ``` Both processes will not terminate. (Note: pure `foreach (var entry in root.EnumerateEntries()) { }` with no per-entry lookup is **safe** - Brent's algorithm in `DirectoryTreeEnumerator` catches the enumeration cycle and throws `FileFormatException: Directory tree contains a loop`. The hang only manifests once a name lookup is performed.) [repros.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/27084338/repros.zip) ### Impact A denial of service affecting any application that opens untrusted CFB files with OpenMcdf. A small crafted input with a cyclic directory tree reaches the unprotected BST name-lookup in `DirectoryTree.TryGetDirectoryEntry`, hit by any caller of `OpenStorage` / `TryOpenStorage` / `OpenStream` / `TryOpenStream` - including the very common pattern of iterating `EnumerateEntries()` and calling `OpenStream(entry.Name)` per Stream entry. The cycles bypass the per-step BST-order check in `TryGetSibling`, so no exception is thrown and `try/catch` cannot protect callers. The affected thread is unrecoverable without killing the process. Downstream CFB consumers (e.g. `.msg`-file parsers) inherit transitively.