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CVE-2021-41098

HIGH

Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) in Nokogiri on JRuby

Published September 27, 2021Updated July 8, 2026Source: osv

Summary

### Severity The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as [**High Severity** 7.5 (CVSS3.0)](https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:H/RL:O/RC:C/MAV:N/MAC:L) for JRuby users. (This security advisory does not apply to CRuby users.) ### Impact In Nokogiri v1.12.4 and earlier, **on JRuby only**, the SAX parser resolves external entities by default. Users of Nokogiri on JRuby who parse untrusted documents using any of these classes are affected: - Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Parser - Nokogiri::HTML4::SAX::Parser or its alias Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::Parser - Nokogiri::XML::SAX::PushParser - Nokogiri::HTML4::SAX::PushParser or its alias Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::PushParser ### Mitigation JRuby users should upgrade to Nokogiri v1.12.5 or later. There are no workarounds available for v1.12.4 or earlier. CRuby users are not affected.

Remediation

Upgrade to the fixed version using your package manager.

Bundler
Update nokogiri to 1.12.5 or later
gem install nokogiri -v 1.12.5

After upgrading, run your dependency scanner again to confirm the vulnerability is resolved.

Affected Packages (1)

PackageEcosystemAffectedFixed In
nokogiri
rubygems
1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.3 (+134 more)1.12.5

Vulnerability Classification

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers for this vulnerability type.

  • CWE-611
    XML External Entity (XXE)MITRE

CVSS Score Breakdown

What the CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) 7.5 score means for each attack dimension.

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2021-41098?
Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) in Nokogiri on JRuby This vulnerability has been assigned a severity rating of HIGH (CVSS score: 7.5/10).
How do I check if my project is affected by CVE-2021-41098?
CVE-2021-41098 affects nokogiri. Use GeekWala's free vulnerability scanner to check your dependencies against CVE-2021-41098 and 200,000+ other known vulnerabilities.

Severity & Exploitability

CVSS Score
7.5

High exploitability or significant impact. Prioritize remediation within days.

Also Known As

GHSA-2rr5-8q37-2w7h

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