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CVE-2012-0391 — Vulnerability in org.apache.struts:struts2-core —...

CRITICAL
Actively Exploited

Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution

Published May 4, 2022Updated May 5, 2026Source: osv

What Should I Do?

Patch Immediately

This vulnerability is confirmed under active exploitation (CISA KEV). Patch within 24-48 hours if possible.

Summary

The `ExceptionDelegator` component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

Advisory Timeline

  • First published May 4, 2022 (1622 days ago).
  • Last revised May 5, 2026 — 1463 days after initial publication.
  • Added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog 103 days before publication.

Remediation

Upgrade to the fixed version using your package manager.

Maven
Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.2.3.1 or later
<!-- Update pom.xml dependency version to 2.2.3.1 for org.apache.struts:struts2-core -->
Maven
Update org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core to 2.2.3.1 or later
<!-- Update pom.xml dependency version to 2.2.3.1 for org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core -->

After upgrading, run your dependency scanner again to confirm the vulnerability is resolved.

Affected Packages (2)

Affects 1 ecosystem: maven (2).

PackageEcosystemAffectedFixed In
org.apache.struts:struts2-core
maven
2.0.11, 2.0.11.1, 2.0.11.2, 2.0.12 (+12 more)2.2.3.1
org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core
maven
2.2.1, 2.2.1.1, 2.2.32.2.3.1

Vulnerability Classification

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers for this vulnerability type.

  • CWE-20
    Improper Input ValidationMITRE
  • CWE-94
    Code InjectionMITRE

CVSS Score Breakdown

What the CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) 9.8 score means for each attack dimension.

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2012-0391?
Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution This vulnerability has been assigned a severity rating of CRITICAL (CVSS score: 9.8/10).
How do I check if my project is affected by CVE-2012-0391?
CVE-2012-0391 affects org.apache.struts:struts2-core and org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core. This vulnerability is listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, meaning it is being actively exploited in the wild. Use GeekWala's free vulnerability scanner to check your dependencies against CVE-2012-0391 and 200,000+ other known vulnerabilities.

Severity & Exploitability

CVSS Score
9.8

Exploitation is straightforward and causes maximum impact. Patch immediately.

Known Exploited Vulnerability

This vulnerability is in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, indicating active exploitation in the wild.

Added to KEV catalog: January 21, 2022

Remediation deadline: July 21, 2022

Also Known As

GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w

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